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I've have had many ultrasounds and x-rays done on pregnant cats over the years. Although I like to do an x-ray within the last couple of weeks before birth, and it's nice to get the information, my belief is that the x-ray is not 100% necessary. Why?
- An x-ray gives you a general idea of how many kittens she may be carrying, but the count of kittens is not always accurate, because you can't always see all the kittens or you may have trouble counting the skulls and spines because they overlap on x-ray. Often when I have a cat x-rayed before birth, all my vet can tell me for sure is that "there are at least two kittens."
- Even if you know exactly how many kittens a cat is carrying, it doesn't necessarily change what you do. If, for example, you know that she is carrying two kittens, and one kitten is born, it can be normal for many hours, sometimes even days, to pass between the birth of the kittens. As long as she appears to be comfortable, you would normally simply wait for the second kitten to be born. You would go to the emergency vet if she is in prolonged active labor, or shows signs of distress or illness.
- It's rare that a dead kitten causes an infection. Kittens that die in utero are usually expelled naturally by the body (or reabsorbed by the body if it happens early in pregnancy). If she develops an infection caused by retained material, you will generally see signs of illness and you would then take her to the emergency vet.